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Korean Cancer Study Group 
Webzine Vol.30  DEC 2023 
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QAโ€™s Q&A

QA(Quality Assurance)์— Q(๋ฌป๊ณ ) and A(๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ) 

์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ KCSG QA์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ(kcsg@kcsg.org)๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Overview of ICH E6 (GCP) Revision 3: Glossary & Principle์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 


์ด๋ฒˆ QA Newsletter์—์„œ๋Š” ICH E6, GCP Revision 3๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, Glossary ๋ฐ Principle์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ICH ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ โ€˜E6(R3) Draft Guidelineโ€™, โ€˜Work Planโ€™, โ€˜E6(R3) Step 2 Presentationโ€™๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ guideline์ด draft๋ผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


1. Key Milestone of ICH-E6 Revision & Revised Structure 

ICH-E6๋Š” 1996๋…„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ 2016๋…„ integrated addendum์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ Revision 2๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ Revision 3์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๋“ฑ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


์šฐ์„ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” 11๊ฐ€์ง€ GCP Principles๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ Annex 1 (Considerations for interventional clinical trials), Annex 2 (Additional considerations for interventional clinical trials)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ E6 (R3) draft guideline์€ Introduction, Principles of ICH GCP, Annex 1, Glossary, Appendices๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์ค‘ Annex 1์—๋Š” โ€˜Data Governanceโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


ICH E6 (R2)

ICH E6 (R3) draft
INTRODUCTION 
  1. GLOSSARY 
  2. THE PRINCIPLES OF ICH GCP
  3. IRB/IEC
  4. INVESTIGATOR
  5. SPONSOR
  6. CLINICAL PROTOCOL AND PROTOCOL AMENDMENT(S)
  7. INVESTIGATORโ€™S BROCHURE
  8. ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS FOR THE CONDUCT OF A CLINICAL TRIAL 
โ‡’
I. INTRODUCTION
II. PRINCIPLES OF ICH GCP
III. ANNEX 1
  1. IRB/IEC
  2. Investigator
  3. Sponsor
  4. Data Governance
    - Investigator and Sponsor 

GLOSSARY 

APPENDICES 

Appendix A. Investigatorโ€™s Brochure 

Appendix B. Clinical Trial Protocol and Protocol Amendment(s) 

Appendix C. Essential Records for the Conduct of a Clinical Trial


2023๋…„ 7์›” ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ Work Plan์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, Final Principles์™€ Annex 1์€ 2024๋…„ 10์›” Step 4 ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ, Annex 2๋Š” 2024๋…„ 4์›” draft ๊ณต๊ฐœ ํ›„ 2025๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— Step 4 ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. Glossary

๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์šฉ์–ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ โ€˜Trial Subjectโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹ , โ€˜Trial Participantโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด, โ€˜์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์žโ€™์—์„œ โ€˜์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์žโ€™๋กœ ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ โ€˜Source Documentsโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹ , certified copies๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜Source Recordsโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด, wearables and sensors๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ source records์ž„์ด ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” โ€˜Assentโ€™, โ€˜Data Acquisition Tool (DAT)โ€™, โ€˜Metadataโ€™, โ€˜Reference Safety Information (RSI)โ€™, โ€˜Service Providerโ€™๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


  • Assent : Affirmative agreement of a minor to participate in clinical trial. The absence of expression of agreement or disagreement should not be interpreted as assent.
    โ†’ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž์˜ ์Šน๋‚™ ๊ณผ์ •. ๋™์˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์Šน๋‚™์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋จ. 
    โ†’ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ โ€˜๋™์˜โ€™๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฒ•์ • ๋‚˜์ด ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ ๊ทœ์ œ์š”๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. (ICH E6 (R3) draft 2.8.13)
  • Data Acquisition Tool (DAT) : A paper or electronic tool designed to collect data and associated metadata from a data originator in a clinical trial according to the protocol and to report the data to the sponsor. The data originator may be a human (e.g., the participant or trial staff), a machine (e.g., wearables and sensors) or an electronic transfer of data from one system to another (e.g., extraction of data from an electronic health record or laboratory system). Examples of DATs include but are not limited to CRFs, interactive response technologies (IRTs), patient-reported outcomes (PROs), clinical outcome assessments (COAs) and wearable devices, irrespective of the media used.
    โ†’ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ์ข…์ด ๋ฐ ์ „์žํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, wearable device ๋“ฑ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ tool๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•จ.
    โ†’ ์˜๋ขฐ์ž๋Š” DAT๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— validation ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ. (ICH E6 (R3) draft 3.16.1 (d))
  • Metadata : The contextual information required to understand a given data element. Metadata is structured information that describes, explains or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use or manage data. For the purpose of this guideline, relevant metadata are those needed to reconstruct the trial conduct. 
    โ†’ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ƒ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ, ์‹œํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ.
    โ†’ ์–ด๋–ค ์ถœ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ. (ICH E6 (R3) draft 4.2.1 (b))
  • Reference Safety Information (RSI) : Contains a cumulative list of ADRs that are expected for the investigational product being administered to participants in a clinical trial. The RSI is included in the Investigatorโ€™s Brochure.
    โ†’ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์šฉ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก. RSI๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์ž ์ž๋ฃŒ์ง‘์— ํฌํ•จ๋จ.
    โ†’ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์ž ์ž๋ฃŒ์ง‘์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ RSI๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ SUSAR๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ์†๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ. (ICH E6 (R3) draft A.1.2)
  • Service Provider : A person or organisation (commercial, academic or other) providing a service used during the conduct of a clinical trial to either the sponsor or the investigator to fulfil one or more of their trial-related activities
    โ†’ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์˜๋ขฐ์ž ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€
    โ†’ CRO๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค๋จ.


3. Principles 

ICH E6 (R3)์—์„œ Principles๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Principles๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


ICH E6 (R3) Principles
ICH E6 (R2) References
No.
Topic
1
Ethical Principles
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.7, 2.11
2
Informed Consent
2.9
3
IRB/IEC Review
2.6
4
Science
2.4, 2.5
5
Qualified Individuals
2.8
6
Quality
2.13
7
Risk Proportionality
N/A
8
Protocol
2.5
9
Reliable Results
2.10
10
Roles and Responsibilities
N/A
11
Investigational Products
2.12


๋™์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ principle์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ค๋ช… ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ICH E6 (R2)์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜2.9 ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ „์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ICH E6 (R3)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด(R2)์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฒ•์ • ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ, ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋™์˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์˜๋‚˜, ์›๊ฒฉ ๋™์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ Principles๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  •  7. Risk Proportionality : ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ trial participants์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ , ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” risk๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋น„๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ.
  •  10. Roles and Responsibilities : ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๋ขฐ์ž์™€ ์‹œํ—˜์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์œ„์ž„์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ. ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ž„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์˜๋ขฐ์ž์™€ ์‹œํ—˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Œ.


4. ๋งบ์Œ๋ง

์šฉ์–ด ๋ฐ Principle์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด trial participant์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, data์˜ source๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์‹ ์„ค๋œ Principle์—์„œ ์˜๋ขฐ์ž์™€ ์‹œํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„์ž„ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ตœ์ข… ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ newsletter์—์„œ๋Š” Annex 1์˜ ์‹ ์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ขฐ์ž์™€ ์‹œํ—˜์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์„ค๋ช… ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.